Compensation and Security for Employees Free Essays

Examined in this paper will be the means by which workers are classified and at what level they are arranged at. What the objectives and desires for each level are and how they can be reached. How pay is scattered and granted and how the pay is given. We will compose a custom article test on Pay and Security for Employees or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now This paper will likewise talk about what sort of remuneration is given, regardless of whether the pay is money related or in another structure. This paper will likewise examine what the motivations will be for revealing maltreatment of different workers or infringement of organization strategies and methods. The means that the organization will take to save all impetuses for the various classifications and workers reasonable and equivalent. What sort of payouts for the various exhibitions in every class. The paper will likewise remember a segment for why the pay is granted and how they will compensate the worker or gathering (Snell, 2010). The most effective method to set the program to present the motivating force and when they will be granted and how. It will likewise talk about whether the impetus is given yearly or on the off chance that it is given quarterly. Additionally in the paper it will talk about how to persuade representatives and how to keep workers spurred. Peruse this Chapter 2 †Why Security is Needed Likewise being talked about will place in a pay intend to draw in new workers. Realizing how to oversee shamefulness and workers who think it is out of line to offer a motivating force for a specific presentation or for an association. Placing the means in classifications will likewise assist the injustice. Additionally being talked about is the way the pay will be introduced. What steps will be taken to guarantee that all representatives are qualified for the remuneration program. Giving the means out so the worker comprehends what is normal. Pay and Security for Employees A few organizations have various degrees of representatives; some incorporate section level workers to administrators. Classifying workers is somewhat troublesome, particularly if there is a great deal of turn over. A few representatives that have been in the organization for over a year may at present be in a passage level position, however have the right to be at a lesser level position. The fundamental reason for this program is to guarantee a low representative turnover. These representatives ought to be repaid not for their position yet how they act in that position (Snell, 2010). Different organizations may give a reward or remuneration for getting employed into the organization. Rewards are given predominantly in financial style; they are given additionally if the worker is at the organization for a half year or more. Ordering representatives is a difficult task, yet in addition can set aside on cash. Sorting representatives from passage level to CEO is troublesome particularly if there are a few levels. The initial step is to sort workers is to realize what number of representatives are in each level. Likewise remembered for the initial step is a portrayal of what every representative level is. What number of workers there are in each level and how they get the motivating force in the level. Level 1: section level-fifty representatives, these workers are the ones that have as of late been employed, or have been with the organization for a half year to a year. Visit turnover accumulates with in the initial two months of recruit (Snell, 2010). That is the reason a motivator is give after the half year in the position. Level 2: junior level-thirty representatives, these are the workers that have been with the organization for a year or increasingly a financial motivating force is typically given after the representative has given their promise to the organization for 18 months. Level 3: lead level-twenty representatives, these workers are the leads in their units or divisions, they have been advanced from the lesser level and have worked for the organization for more the 2 years. The primary motivating force is the advancements; they likewise find an impetus for line of work exhibitions in the initial a half year in the wake of turning into a lead. Level 4: boss level-fifteen representatives, these workers have additionally been drives that have been advanced (Ederhof, 2011). Administrators have worked for the organization for a long time or more. The motivating force for this level is following a time of being a director. The administrative level remuneration will be founded on work execution, and the administrators past exhibitions. Level 5: director level-forty representatives, these workers are either employed for the chief level or they have been advanced from the administrator level. These workers are focused on the organization. Their motivating force is for work execution, going well beyond the call of their position. Level 6: Coordinator’s level-seventeen workers, these representatives are recorded as high as officials. These organizers are spending facilitators, monetary organizers, organization occasion organizers. These representatives are employed outside the organization; they are recruited for their aptitudes of planning a few offices. These representatives realize how to function through pressure and cutoff times. This level remuneration depends exclusively on execution; there is as yet the half year pay after recruit. Remuneration shows how they work through the pressure and cutoff times (Ederhof, 2011). Level 7: director’s level-ten workers, these representatives are likewise employed outside the organization; they have what it takes and experience to carry out their responsibility. These representatives are answerable for a few divisions and the workers that work in those offices. The chiefs are higher than the supervisors. This is the place choosing how the pay will function for the rest of the levels will get somewhat more troublesome. They likewise are objective situated and will make objectives for the offices they run (Reh, 2013). Level 8: Administration Assistant’s level: five representatives, these workers are normally recruited outside because of injustice of different representatives. The workers have four to five years’ involvement with the field. Clerical specialists work legitimately with the CO’s and presidents. Their work is checked over any representative in the organization. Their stakes are higher with regards to motivators and pay. This isn't a section level position. Level 9: CO’s level-twelve representatives, these workers have explicit zones of understanding. A portion of the CO’s that would be in the organization are: Chief official (CEO) boss records official (CAO), boss data official (CIO), (CFO) to give some examples. There is around eight to ten years’ involvement with their field. They will probably keep things in their area of expertise running easily. Level 10: presidents level five workers; this level is the most troublesome level to do motivations and pay. They are the most elevated and generally experienced in their regions. This degree of work settles on every single official conclusion in the organization. They work intimately with executives in every division; realizing what is happening all through the organization is another target that this level is kinfolk on. Defining objectives and desires for the various levels isn't as simple as it appears. The upper levels will have more troublesome objectives and desires to accomplish than the lower levels. This is the second step in the impetuses and remunerations plan. Anything that should be talked about each level ought to be examined with each level in a gathering or a gathering (Super Jobs for You, 2009). Get the workers associated with their objectives and desires. Defining objectives and desires are significant, it keeps representatives inspired and looking forward. Level 1: objectives setting and desires for the passage level positions. Plunking down with the level 1 representatives the organization discovered that a portion of the objectives are truly comparative. Having the workers define objectives for themselves will enable the representatives to accomplish sensible objectives and set short and long haul objectives (Goals and Expectations, 2011). Objectives for passage level workers would include: to climb in the organization, to have ventures done at the very latest the cutoff time, having the option to type 50 words for every moment consistently for a month. Bring work execution up to five percent in about fourteen days. Another objective would be prevail upon clients that have not been in for some time. Accomplishing this objective would be for each level one representative. The objective is get back 3 clients inside sixty days. Some close to home objectives for representatives at level one is: having the option to make some noise in gatherings, coexist with collaborators better, to converse with their bosses significantly better without being scared of being dismissed. Level 2 representatives have indistinguishable objectives from the level one worker with certain distinctions. A few objectives that level two representatives have set for themselves are as per the following: needing to climb in the organization, get deals up to 10% before the following quarter. The motivator for arriving at the client objective would be a hundred dollars and free lunch on the organization for 3 workers of level one and three representatives for level two. A portion of the motivations for the level one representative, when they have accomplished their objective, would be an advancement with an increase in salary. For completing a task before the cutoff time would be a fifty dollar reward on their next check. Level two workers would be the equivalent, an advancement and an increase in salary. When they accomplish their objective of getting deals up the organization will give motivating force for the initial three representatives who arrive at the objective. The motivation will be seven days excursion with pay. For level 3 workers the objective setting is more confused. A few objectives could be: having their area of expertise arrives at a group objective inside thirty days. A group objective could be to build correspondence through the whole office. Likewise getting representative input from the divisions to arrive at the particular objective (Goals and Expectations, 2011). Giving out month to month progress reports to level one and two representatives, telling the workers how they are getting along and where they are to accomplish their very own and expert objectives. When the correspondence objective is reached by one division the whole office will get fifty dollars on t

Software Piracy beyond the Street Corner Essay -- Technology Lawsuits

Programming Piracy past the Street Corner On January 23, 2003, the world’s driving PC organizing hardware creator Cisco Systems, headquartered in San Jose California, recorded a claim against China-based Huawei Technologies and its United States auxiliaries Huawei America and FutureWei Technologies. In the claim, Cisco affirmed that Huawei took licensed innovation by replicating its Internet Operating System (IOS) programming and its copyrighted client manuals. Cisco likewise asserted that Huawei encroached on its licenses. After various bombed endeavors to determine these grumblings legitimately with Huawei, which incorporated a stop this instant letter to one of Huawei’s United Kingdom wholesalers, Cisco concluded that a claim was important to secure the organization and its shareholder’s advantages. The claim was prepared through United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. This paper will give a review of this milestone case and talk about whether each organization had an alternate perspective on morals that began from varying social points of view. I. Case Background Cisco Systems’ 77 page grumbling recorded in the United States District Court for the Easter District of Texas requested a preliminary by jury because of Huawei’s misappropriation and protected innovation encroachment in the improvement of its contending Quidway switches. One of Huawei’s United States based entirely possessed auxiliary, FutureWei, is situated in Plano, Texas; the other auxiliary Huawei America is situated in California’s Silicon Valley, close by Cisco Systems’ home office. The China-based parent organization is a multi-billion dollar partnership that has fabricated system and media communications gear since 1988. Huawei promoted its Quidway switch... ... â€Å"Huawei: Cisco Code is Gone,† April 15, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=31253 [3] â€Å"Cisco Wins Huawei Injunction,† June 9, 2003, http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=35058 [4] â€Å"Managing in the Multicultural Environment†, Charis Intercultural Training Corporation, 2004. [5] â€Å"Differences of Opinion: The Cisco-Huawei Lawsuit†, The Hoffman Agency, China High Tech PR Newsletter, http://www.chinahightechpr.com/fullArticle.cfm?code=284 [6] â€Å"WTO Ministerial Conference Approves China’s Accession†, November 10, 2001 Press Release, http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres01_e/pr252_e.htm [7] The United States and China: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection, http://usinfo.state.gov/local/ea/iprcn/ [8] Baase, S.; A Gift of Fire, second version, Prentice Hall, 2003. Banners got from http://www.enchantedlearning.com

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey:Discussion of the Final Volume, Book XXIV :: Odyssey essays

The Odyssey: A Discussion of the Final Volume, Book XXIV   Homer’s epic, The Odyssey is the exemplary story of the homecoming of the warrior and lord Odysseus. It is one of the most suffering bits of writing known to man. The exercises and stories from the epic are life-changing. In any case, there are a few challenges that the contemporary peruser has with The Odyssey. These incorporate issues, for example, troublesome language, unrelated stories, and the refrain style it was written in. Nonetheless, the focal point of this paper is the last volume of the epic. This volume, Book XXIV, is generally noted as rather unsatisfying. Many accept that it is basically an epilog (having the epic truly finishes in Book XXII when Odysseus murdered the admirers.) Some researchers accept that the last book isn't even Homeric. This article will examine why Book XXIV is a decent end and how it identifies with the remainder of the story, which would give a case to it being Homeric. In Book XXIV, entitled Warriors, Farewell, Homer wouldn't appear to like to have a stupendous closure, but instead conveniently wrap up the entirety of the remaining details. There are three significant parts to this book, they include: the journey of the suitors’ shades to Hades and discourse among Agamemnon and Amphimedon; the account of Odysseus and Telemakhos visiting Odysseus’ father, Laertes; and the beginning of tje quarrel between the groups of the admirers and the place of Odysseus and Laertes (which could have destroyed the nation of Ithaca) which was halted by the Zeus and Athena. Homer beginnings Book XXIV in Hades as Agamemnon and Akhilleus welcome the shades of the admirers that Odysseus murdered in Book XXII. One of the shades tells Agamemnon of how Penelope was dependable and how Odysseus came back to deliver his retribution. Agamemnon, who upon his homecoming after the Trojan war was murdered by his double-crossing spouse, was astounded by this story. This is completely predictable with the prior delineation of Agamemnon in Hades (Book XI) in which he advises Odysseus to be careful with Penelope for she may have been unfaithful. This gathering among Agamemnon and the shades of the admirers bodes well since the account of Agamemnon was one frequently alluded to during the epic. This kind of polishes off the Agamemnon story. The presentation of the suitors’ conceals likewise serves to once more strengthen the subject of neighborliness.

Slow Down and Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slow Down and Play - Essay Example particularly a parent to continue demanding that their kids should coordinate every one of their endeavors towards scholastic work, anyway significant it might be, and overlook permitting them an opportunity to blend with their companions through useful exercises, for example, sports and youngster games (Miller 2008 p 49). This is because of the way that it encourages them to turn out to be progressively mindful of their environmental factors just as improving their socialization aptitudes which are basic in their later lives particularly in situations that require sharing of assets. So as to encounter this, I have had the option to go out and play, with the goal of seeing more on the genuine impacts of taking an interest in games. This I achieved by including myself in two diverse brandishing exercises for example playing football and ascending mountains. Note this requires individual inspiration particularly in hiking because of the way that there are a great deal of difficulties included, which may dishearten somebody from achieving his crucial. Not at all like in other expert brandishing exercises, for example, those associated with Olympics just as football rivalries, whereby members are consistently under tension from backers, fans and their legislatures to achieve the objective of procuring an award, playing for this situation was simply inborn as the people included were out to have a ton of fun without caring much on the accomplishments, truth be told, we took it a method of spending relaxation and unwinding from the standard undertakings which are exhau sting and focusing. Hiking is somewhat a troublesome errand particularly since it requires a great deal of endurance and certainty to empower you to clutch the stones just as to stay aware of the pace of other colleagues. Football then again requires cooperation and all things considered, the achievement of your group relies upon how well you compute your moves fused with absence of self-centeredness in passing the ball. From this experience, it is consistent with state that collaboration regardless of whether it is between

Technology Education and National Development Free Essays

string(204) The Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1996, pg 377) characterizes improvement as developing or turning out to be further developed or an ongoing significant occasion which is the most recent in a progression of related events. Innovation EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE PLACE OF INFRASTRUCTURE BY SUBAIR, S. TAYO AND ASHIRU, AL-MAHROOF. OLASEEWO DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS AKOKA †LAGOS BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE NIGERIAN ASSOCIATION FOR EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND PLANNING (NAEAP) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE VENUE:JULIUS BERGER AUDITORIUM UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS DATE:24TH †27TH SEPTEMBER 2007 Abstract Innovation instruction has been characterized as a consistent procedure of a specialized curriculum and preparing bestowed in people for them to accomplish financial autonomy. We will compose a custom exposition test on Innovation Education and National Development or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now One significant pith of innovation instruction is self-food and social turn of events. This paper investigates the elements relevant to practical innovation training and its suggestions for national turn of events, by looking at the ideas of innovation instruction, national turn of events, framework and objectives of innovation training. The paper goes further to asses the improvement status of Nigeria, the applicable of foundation in the arrangement of suitable innovation instruction and a few zones along strategies, practices, mentalities, and sharpening of the general population towards guzzling innovation training that can cultivate national turn of events. Presentation The premise of Nigeria’s theory of training is the incorporation of the person into a sound and viable resident, such a way of thinking as explained in the National Policy on Education (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004). The objective of national advancement is not really feasible without innovation, which fills in as a vehicle for the procurement of suitable information, aptitudes, capacities and abilities of both mental and physical nature. This is hardware for the person to live in his general public, and to gain a significant and adjusted information on realities about nearby and world marvels. The historical underpinnings of innovation is from Greek word ‘tekhne’, which alludes to a craftsmanship or make, and ‘logia’ which implies region of study. Just characterized, innovation is a study of creating. Collins English Dictionary (2005, pg. 1675) characterizes innovation as the use of down to earth or mechanical sciences to industry or business, the strategies, hypothesis and works on administering such application and the absolute information and abilities accessible to any human culture. Instruction, as characterized by Adesina, Fagbamiye and Talabi (1985) is a device for the joining of the people viably into a general public to empower them accomplish self social, financial, political, logical, social and innovative advancement. Presently, in the period of globalization, the developing significance of trans-outskirt instruction arrangements especially, in the territory of innovation is very justifiable. By and large, partners are on edge to see that instructive foundations convey what they ought to convey and that what they convey produces alluring results. These alluring results incorporate, among others, changes in structures, perspectives and establishments just as the increasing speed of monetary development, the decrease of disparity and destruction of supreme neediness. Subsequently, in tending to the issue of national improvement opposite innovation training, it is of gigantic need to show the comprehension of the marvel advancement and furthermore to outfit the records of advancement before we can choose what we pay special mind to in a created, immature, creating country, etc. The Concept of Technology Education According to Adeogun (2004), Ogunranti (1988) and Ukeje (1991), innovation is the utilization of science and logical information to make the world increasingly proficient utilizing mechanical strategies. Innovation can likewise be seen as the whole of the manners by which a social gathering furnishes for themselves with the materials of development, hence science and innovation go connected at the hip. It could be viewed as admissible at that point to state that innovation is an orderly methodology in an incorporated procedure to accomplish down to earth reason or accomplish a finished result. Thus, innovation includes a handy commitment, that is, the demonstration of doing, which is intended to take care of human issues experimentally and methodicallly. Interpreted from its Latin root, ‘educo’ or ‘educare’, the word instruction implies ‘to lead’. At the end of the day, training suggests indicating the way. On fundamental level, instruction is the procedure by which an individual or gathering of people lead in the demonstration of procuring new information or experience. Ajelabi (2000) sees instruction as inferring the experience that an individual gets in contact with or which one experiences with or without the school. As per Collins Dictionary (2005, pg. 433), training is the demonstration or procedure of granting information, particularly at school, school or college, the craftsmanship or procedure of getting information, the information or preparing obtained by this procedure, the hypothesis of educating and learning; or a specific sort of extraordinary orders (directions) or preparing. From the prior, an operational meaning of innovation instruction required for this paper ventures innovation training as a nonstop procedure of a specialized curriculum, preparing and orders granted in people for the improvement of inventive plans to guarantee financial autonomy. It could be contended that the kind of training which Nigeria understudies and understudies are presented to at various degrees of instruction in the educational system today can't support the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. This can be validated with the worry about quality which is highest in any instructive talk everywhere throughout the world, and Nigeria specifically. The United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (1999) sees that quality in training is a multi-dimensional idea which should grasp â€Å"all capacities and exercises: instructing, scholastic projects, research and grant, staffing, understudies, structures, offices, hardware, administrations to the network and scholarly environment†. To show that one is taught implies that all parts of his/her life is changed to impact and be affected without anyone else, physical, social, political, practical and otherworldly situations. Consequently, innovation instruction should concentrate on gainful abilities that are saleable to the world, in this way making such a nation a capacity to connect with. The Concept of National Development National advancement is established in a power of progress than can raise desires, through maintainable and expansive based financial development. It could likewise be seen as the totality of all exercises inside a country whose principle objective is to increase the living expectations and general prosperity of the individuals. Collins English Dictionary (2005, pg. 443) characterizes advancement as the demonstration or procedure of developing or creating or the result of creating. The Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1996, pg 377) characterizes improvement as developing or turning out to be further developed or an ongoing significant occasion which is the most recent in a progression of related occasions. You read Innovation Education and National Development in class Papers With the end goal of this paper, national advancement implies the fulfillment and food of the social, political and monetary necessities of the individuals of a state (country). It could likewise be thought of as arranged exercises which center around expanding and augmenting the limits so they can effectively deal with more prominent situations in a country. National advancement normally centers around improving the applied aptitudes †the scholarly and capacities expected to deal with complex circumstances and make a superior showing. With financial necessities, an adjustment in the monetary and social super-structure of the general public is ensured. It is an improvement in the procedures of creation in the utilization decisions open to the normal resident, in the strength of the resident, in the conduct of resident, etc. It includes both quantitative and non-quantitative perspectives. Additionally, it includes decrease in pay imbalance, joblessness and destitution (Adeogun, 2003). Bannock (1977) opines that monetary advancement is identified with the procedure of development altogether and per capita salary of creating countries joined by basic changes in the structures of their economies. As needs be, these progressions for the most part comprise of the expanding significance of mechanical, instead of agrarian, movement, decrease of reliance on imports from the further developed maker and shopper merchandise, and reliance on horticultural or mineral items as primary fares, and a lessening dependence on helps from different nations. Going with this monetary procedure are specialist political and socio-social changes planned for settling such issues as social hardship, obliviousness, political precariousness and destitution. Along these lines, national advancement can be seen as the totality of the considerable number of exercises inside a country whose principle objective is to increase the living expectations and general prosperity of the individuals. The Concept of Infrastructure According to Coombs (1991), the instructive framework is a component of the quality and amount of data sources. Of centrality are the structures, hardware and space. This view picks up the underwriting of Ejiogu (1984) and Nwagwu (1983) who note that of the four significant factors trying to adjust the subjective and quantitative development of any instructive framework is the quality and number of foundation as structures, hardware and gear; their maximal use and appropriate upkeep culture of the understudies, staff and network individuals that utilization

SIPA Love Stories Love is a poem COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Love Stories Love is a poem COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Heres our sixth and last story were sharing in this mini series. This final story is actually a poem someone wrote for their classmate. A  SIPA love poem: I dont have any pic left but only a poem written in 2006 for my SIPA classmate : Poem for Sarah Autumn of 2005. Resistance, struggle, hesitation Jostle in the bosom of the newcomer. Yet still a flicker of expectation Upon arrival in New York, The city dreamed of. Then Columbia, SIPA. Weight of study: Meetings assignments papers reports; No interruption to the flurry of work As precious life is left to waste. No one to turn to among these cold connections And in the sudden sickness That pushes me to death’s rim. New home, New York Frigid as the ice of winter. Then… Seemed it couldn’t be true: Sarah, The loveliest girl my life had ever seen Came to my heart. In the nights of swirling snowflakes And the freeze of subzero mornings, You were ever shining with your sunlight, Giving me warmth that lasted all day. And with the heat of a fire on a summer’s afternoon You lit the dull classroom discussions, Making me forget all concerns. Among the things Of that year in New York, What I will treasure most Is not the great charm of the Big Apple, Not the beautiful grounds of an IVY League school. It is a girl called Sarah. She fills my memory, Occupies my thoughts. And if I yearn to return to New York And relive being a student at SIPA, It is only because I wish to Replay the time that we shared, And hold on tightly to moments Of beauty ineffable, Praying for time to leave me there. Alinson I hope youve enjoyed them all as much as I have.  And dont forget to return to  the blog tomorrow, Valentines Day,  to discover some new connections Seeple submitted to us this week! And a big thank you to Columbia Alumni Association for coordinating the series. Find the entire Love Stories collection in  Columbia Alumni Associations  Facebook album.

The joy of giving in a firm - Free Essay Example

The Joy of Giving mainly emphasizes a number of ways to reward the employees on a small scale, which has proven to be more effective than large bonuses for many companies. In companies, when the need to make every employee feel an important part of the organization becomes a priority, such gestures which are on an individual or group level play a vital role in fulfilling the need. This are also known as Motivators as they help in boosting the morale of employees and keeps them motivated and driven to fulfill the organizations goals , along with their own personal goals. Motivation is the result of the internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be interested in and committed to a job, role, or subject and to exert persistent effort in attaining a goal. It results from factors like the intensity of desire or need, the incentive or reward value of the goal and the expectations of the individual. There are many motivation theories which support the gift giving behavior in the Joy of Giving, however, the study conducted in this paper will be of three of the renowned studies, and discuss them in detail while critically analyzing the methods used in the case study. Frederick Herzbergs Two Factor theory (Kalleberg, A., 1977, pp. 124-143) about the motivation of the employees relates to that certain factors in the work place, which according to him lead to the presence of Job Satisfaction in employees in an organization. The specific factors might vary for every individual; the presence of these will motivate employees and the absence of these would lead to de-motivation among the employees. They will not add much value when they are present, but will cause a lot of damage psychologically to the employees which can result in lower productivity and level of output for the employees. However, they can be distinguished into two major categories, which include: Motivators These include the factors which lead to pos itive satisfaction. The main motivators for most people would be challenging work which requires effort and the successful completion of the tasks would lead to a sense of achievement. This sense of achievement is important according to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Also, recognition of work well done would also be a motivating factor, as the employees get acknowledged for the work they do. This gives them the confidence that the work they do is being noticed and is given importance by the organization. Hygiene Factors The other type of factor is the hygiene factor which includes elements like salary, job security, status and fringe benefits. These are the factors, when missing from the organization give immense dissatisfaction to the employees. This Motivator-Hygiene Theory supports the gift giving behavior in the companies mentioned in the Joy of Living. The employees of Brassiere retailer, Bravissimo, have to deal with customers on a regular basis, and in the service indus try, the higher the level of service, the higher the customer loyalty, the better the sales. Therefore, it is even more important in the service industry that the employees understand and implement the vision and the mission of the company policy. There is a difference in fulfilling the job description and taking ownership of the job and going beyond by doing what is best for the organization. The extra mile is taken by the employees when they know they will be rewarded and recognized for it. For this, the company needs to keep the employees satisfied and motivated. One way of doing this, according to the Herzbergs Two Factor Theory is by providing them with motivators, like the little gifts that Bravissimo is already giving to its employees. Bravissimo does not randomly hand out gifts, its a part of the well thought out strategy. They give gifts when at the times when the employee needs to be made felt special. Holiday times, birthdays always have the soft corner in everyones li ves, and when noticed and celebrated by small, thoughtful gestures like a bottle of champagne, chocolate snowmen at Christmas, etc., by the company leads to a strong goodwill, and a loyalty, which is rarely replaceable by generic bonuses to all. The additional factor that Bravissimo takes into account is the factor that it takes feedback from the employees to keep its gift giving up to date, and in tune with the needs of the employees, and corrects its policy wherever its employees feel it is lacking. Another theory that supports the acts of companies like Peppermint PR, which is a communications firm and gives out special rewards to an employee working harder than usual, or going beyond their job description, is the positive reinforcement theory which is a part of the Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning is when the environment is operated upon, and the consequences are then maintained. In simpler words, a few factors in the environment are changed, which then leads to the required behavior. The four contexts of the Operant conditioning are listed and discussed below in an organizational setting. Positive Reinforcement This is a form of reinforcement which is used to encourage certain wanted behavior of the employees. For example, the employer would want the employees to go the extra mile to provide better services to their customers, achieve the necessary goal in the time allocated, etc. Such behavior is encouraged by the organization, when it is followed by a stimulus that is rewarding to the employees, which then leads to a repetition in that behavior. For example, a difficult task when achieved within the deadline by an employee can be awarded with an additional bonus, or the effort can be acknowledged at the Reward and Recognition Night of the Company. Negative Reinforcement Such reinforcement is to again encourage certain behavior, but instead of rewarding, it continuously gives a negative stimulus, which is only removed when the certain required behavior is achieved. For example, in the case of an employee, s/he will have a portion of his salary removed till s/he is able to achieve the task at hand within the time allocated to the employee and with the resources allocated. Positive Punishment Positive Punishment is used to discourage an action, this occurs when an action is followed by an unwanted reaction. For example, if an employee falls short on the job, the supervisor can then have a meeting with him/her to give him/her a warning. This will ensure that the employee does not slack off on the job again. Negative Punishment This is to discourage an action by taking away a wanted stimulus. For example, a portion of the salary will be deducted from the employees paycheck, followed by an unwanted behavior. Keeping in accordance with the Positive Reinforcement theory from Operant Conditioning, the Peppermint PR gives out thoughtful gifts to appreciate some work, or extra help that an employ ee provided to the organization, or to another employee, as stated by Carolyn Axtell To be singled outÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.more likely to motivate someone to repeat same positive actions. The factor that Peppermint PR keeps as most important is that individuals should be highlighted, and the gifts should be given soon after the positive behavior demonstrated. According to the Alderfers ERG theory (Boshoff, C. Arnold, C., 2002, pg. 677- 719) there are three types of needs, existence, relatedness needs and growth needs. Existence refers to basic needs that are required for an employee to keep working. Relatedness need refers to the social environment that an employee craves for. Growth refers to the desire for the personal achievement that an employees from a job. A basic salary covers the basic needs, a thriving office environment and culture covers the relatedness needs, whereas, the reward and recognition which leads to the sense of achievement is the highest stage of the three needs. Growth need is very important, and small token of appreciation, such as the gift giving in the companies, can also be used to create that necessary sense of achievement which motivates the employees and drives them to further achieve goals and tasks allocated to them. The gift giving behavior of the companies mentioned, is supported by all three theories. Every theory accepts the need of the basic factor which makes employees join the labor force and an organization, however, more than that is required to keep the employee satisfied, motivated and productive. The pushing factor may vary for different employees in different organizations, however, the gift giving behavior is enjoyed and appreciated by the employees of the above mentioned companies. 2) Reward defined in simple terms is the return for service, or merit. The reward in order to be effective, and noticed, needs to be tangible enough to be seen as recognition of the service or merit. One of the myths from Pffeffer (1998 b, pp. 9-13), is that people work for money. This myth has been believed by people for centuries now. That has been the reason why to reward employees; the employers give the employees the bonuses or raises in the salaries. However, according to the Alderfers ERG theory (2002, pp.677-719), after the existence needs have been fulfilled, other needs like relatedness and growth need to be fulfilled, otherwise, there is no satisfaction in the job. The basic salary is the existence need, but other needs also need to be catered to, to keep the employee motivated. For loyalty, and for rewarding employees, companies like Madgex appreciate the work of the employees with cakes. Such gestures are said to cater to the other needs of the employees, which a basic salary does not fulfill. Hawthorne Studies (Frank Kaul, 1978, pp. 623-643), provides a theory quite contrary to the one which has been implemented by Madgex. Hawthorne Studies cut out the breaks of the e mployees, and brought the women back to longer working hours. This, contrary to popular belief, instead of reducing productivity, it gradually increased it. When studied in detail, it was concluded that the social environment also helps in the productivity of the employees, where they can create the atmosphere of their own choice, where they can socialize, talk, and enjoy the atmosphere they work in. The raised self-esteem of the employees was the reason why the productivity increased. The conclusion of the Hawthorne Studies, (Frank Kaul, 1978) proves that monetary benefits, or material gifts are not always the ones that will lead to an increase in motivation and productivity, a factor like the work environment can also prove to be of great significance. In some cases, to make the employees work harder, factors other than material benefits might need to altered, and in such scenarios, no number of gifts would increase productivity or motivation. The method of giving gifts, ma y not be the most appropriate to increase the self esteem of the employees. If the employees perceive the gifts to be of little value, cheap or meaningless, they will not add value to the employees self esteem, and might even prove to be unfavorable. For example, Recruitment manager at Metaswitch believes that generic gifts should be given to the employees as they would have broader appeal. This would have little value for the employees if the gift is as generic as a bonus, and is not even that value adding. If the employees start perceiving that the gifts are being given to the favorites of the employers, then instead of seeming as a reward, they will start resenting it. If given to too many employees, then the employees who will not receive it will be de-motivated and it might raise a level of frustration. A similar policy is followed at Bravissimo where little-and-often approach is followed while giving out gifts. When these rewards come too often, they become expected and los e their value, and the reason for the gift giving gets nullified. This, instead of increasing motivation will decrease the morale of the employees. There are advantages of giving gifts to employees, but there are also cons if the gift giving strategy is not thoroughly thought out and major factors like the time interval and the number of recipients is not considered. If handled well, the gifts can lift morale, if not, and then it can lead to adverse consequences for the organization and the self esteem of the employees.

The Problem With Government Issued Foreign Aid - 1844 Words

The Problem with Government Issued Foreign Aid It is widely held that the United States should give money to aid third world countries living in poverty because helping the less fortunate is a strong value in American culture. The U.S. has an interest in helping third world countries escape poverty and elevating them so they may contribute to the growing world-state. Therefore, America believes that sending a big fat check to the governments of these impoverished nations is the best way to help. However, all this gifted money does is create increased third world poverty by feeding corrupt governments and diminishing economic growth. This argument has been in the back of a lot of American’s mind for a while now, and people normally want one of three things. They want to decrease foreign aid, or they want to keep foreign aid the exact same, or they want to spend the same amount of money but distribute it different ways. The last viewpoint is what I want to focus on. Foreign aid needs to be changed into a more productive way for these developing countries to get out of poverty without corrupting their government or hurting their economic growth. Government issued foreign aid first started after the end of World War II when Secretary of State George Marshall sent money to European countries in order to help them rebuild. This assistance helped to strengthen European economies and also stabilize their countries. Then in 1961, President Kennedy signed the Foreign AssistanceShow MoreRelatedLack Of Funding For Education819 Words   |  4 Pagesschooling. User fees may be an important source of funding for individual schools. If school fees are eliminated but government budget allocations to schools are not increased, schools might not be able to make up for the reduced funding. Reduced funding can lead to a reduction in education quality. Africa’s debt from loan interest is crippling the continent’s economies, because government revenues go toward paying off those debts (Heidhues and Obare, 2011). This takes funds away from education initiativesRead MoreDeveloping Countries Supporting Afghanistan As A Developing Country1442 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloping country; the country has faced troubles and difficulties soon after its independence. They have had problems in the development of constitutions and regulations. The selection of leader was an issue and one of the major tasks was to prepare military for the defence as well as the protection of the state. In order to resolve all these issues, finance was the significant need. Despite problems the country is upgrading slowly and gradually. There are numerous countries supporting Afghanistan in termsRead MoreAfghanistan Is A Developing Country1468 Words   |  6 Pagesall these issues, finance was the significant need. Despite several problems, the country is upgrading slowly and gradually. Numerous countries supported Afghanistan in terms of finance and monetary forms, but the support provided by International Monetary Fund is significant. International Monetary Fund along with World Bank is serving Afghanistan since its partition and they both have lent a huge sum of finance to the government so that they can continue with the progress and prosperity of the stateRead MoreThe Effect of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Essay1520 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Dr. Toi Dennis Elaine Stewart SOC 300: Sociology of Developing Countries May 4, 2014 Introduction Afghanistan is a developing country; the country faced many difficulties soon after its independence. They faced difficulties in the development of their constitution and regulations. The selection of a leader was an issue and the first major task was to prepare a military for theRead MoreThe Issue of Illegal Immigration in the US1087 Words   |  5 Pagesthat there is a problem with illegal immigration. Everyday many illegal immigrants cross the borders. There are between twelve and twenty million illegal immigrants in America. (â€Å"Scary Immigration Statistics† 1) The U.S. should make all illegal immigrants register or deport them to their original countries. The U.S. should also make a program so that the immigrants can get a license for legality. If the immigrants do not want to cooperate, then they cannot be in America. The government spends billionsRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction1357 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion, race, and government. President And rew Johnson,who succeeded President Abraham Lincoln enacted various policies in order to unite the country. These policies included friendly policies that pardoned Southerners while also restoring democracy. The reconstruction brought the necessary reparations for the United States needed to properly become a world power. The reconstruction shows its importance by properly moving the US from war and back into democratic government. Spanish-AmericanRead MoreForeign Policy Is Shaped Based On The Best Interests Of The Country1600 Words   |  7 PagesForeign policy is shaped based on the best interests of the country. When establishing foreign policies, the focus will be on advancing the goals of the nation. Foreign policy guides how America conducts business as well as develops political, and social relations with other countries. National interests covers a wide array of topics from trade, to economics, to terrorism. When America was first established, the only goals was to prevent European dominance. Once Europe was prevented from colonizingRead MoreBritish Colonialism and Zimbawe, a History1189 Words   |  5 Pagesand the Ndebele, the primary ethnic groups of Zimbabwe, both adopted and rejected Protestant Christianity as a form of opposing foreign hegemony. By primarily confronting males and conscripting them to labor, the British exalted the significance of males in relation to Shona and Ndebele social str uctures, which continues to resonate in black nationalism and in the HIV/AIDS crisis. In a gradual British-enforced concession of white minority rule to popular sovereignty, the predominantly Shona ZimbabweRead MoreThe Truman Doctrine Was A United States Foreign Policy1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Truman Doctrine was a United States foreign policy established by President Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) in 1947. The policy stated that the US would provide military and financial support to Greece and Turkey to prevent them from falling to communism. This started a policy of â€Å"containment† which would persist for many years to come. After World War II left most of the world devastated, the US and the Soviet Union emerged as the two global superpowers and despite being allies during the war, theRead MorePower Of The President And Congress1303 Words   |  6 Pagesa president affects foreign policy. The President has the highest power to decide how to manage, control, and to so lve problems. The president and Congress play important roles in running the country regarding foreign policy making. Foreign policy is very significant because it provides peace between countries without going to war. In order to develop the nation’s economy and increase job opportunities, effective foreign policies help to acquire more investments from foreign investors, and it also

3d Printing And Its Effects On The World Of Manufacturing

What if there was a machine that could make anything, in any combination of materials with infinite complexity, enabling users to manufacture goods instantly at home? There would no longer be a need to go to a store or order a product online, saving people time and money. Fortunately, this technology was invented 33 years ago and is known as 3D printing (Reichental). It is a reality today to create, 3D scan, or download 3D blueprints for any physical object and manufacture them affordably in the home. With such technology, it is possible for anyone to produce high quality products without having to buy them. This revolutionary technology is proving to be a game changer in the world of manufacturing, but it is causing many to question the ethics of hyper-localized manufacturing and the ability for anyone to make anything. 3D printers are generating controversy surrounding the ownership of designs, copyright laws, patent infringement, democratized counterfeiting, and illegal possession . 3D printing is ushering in a new industrial age, but is challenging the current US patent system and compromising intellectual property rights, requiring reform to support next generation design and manufacturing systems. 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing is the process of making three dimensional objects by depositing a material layer by layer. It was invented by Chuck Hull in 1983 and was called Stereolithography because of the layer by layer production processShow MoreRelatedDigital Printing And Its Effect On The Future Of Our Society770 Words   |  4 PagesThree dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is taking the world by storm and is said to be â€Å"the next big thing†, the next revolution, or as big as the Internet. President Barack Obama stated in his 2013 State of the Union address that 3D printing has the potential to revolutionize the way we make almost anything (Gross, 2013). However, will 3D printing have a positiv e effect on the future of our society looking at the effects on the manufacturing businesses, healthcareRead MoreLarger than a Paper Jam: The Future of 3D Printing1375 Words   |  6 Pagescan all be made with a 3D printer (Heritage). Modern three-dimensional printing, more commonly called 3D printing, can be traced back to Charles W. Hull, who in 1984 filed a patent for a system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be formed (Patent US4575330). In recent years, 3D printing has been employed by governments, manufacturers, and a select group of private users. The process of three-dimensional printing is controlled entirelyRead MoreExploring 3d Printing1053 Words   |  5 Pages1) TOPIC a) 3D Printing 2) GROUP A MEMBERS b) Colette Davis: Team Lead c) Ryan Cornell: Assistant Team Lead/ Research amp; Writing d) Tess Bayne: Research amp; Writing e) Kimberly Brooks: Research amp; Writing f) Lindsay Clark: Research amp; Writing 3) THESIS STATEMENT g) 3D printing could potentially change the world as we know it. Through further research and development, this technology has the potential to save lives through medicalRead MoreEssay On 3d Printing1121 Words   |  5 PagesPrinting a New Future: The Revolutionary Applications of 3-Dimensional Printing Picture this, almost out of thin air, what resembles the sole of a shoe starts to materialize from a viscous pool of liquid polymer. This isn’t a scene from a sci-fi movie, it is actually the future of manufacturing. The athletic wear company, Adidas, has already started using 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, in their two new highly automated factories. Flashback to the 1980s, invented by Charles HullRead More3d Printing Has A Reputation For Being A Greener Method Of Manufacturing1651 Words   |  7 Pages 3D printing has a reputation for being a greener method of manufacturing, then the conventional factory methods that, up until now, have traditionally been used. But that is not necessarily the case. There are heavily spammed myths that are used as a catalyst to speed up the ever growing industry that is 3D printing. 3D printing does not mean zero waste, there are many different types of 3D printers that all construct pieces in different ways. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) machines, a consumerRead More3d Printing Of Care And Patient Outcomes1029 Words   |  5 Pages3D Printing in Healthcare All throughout the world there are constant technological innovations. As time progresses, more inventions come about and alter our lives. Since the industrial revolution we as a nation have had plenty of technological advances that have impacted our lives. Healthcare is one of the most prominent and impactful systems in the world. Technology in healthcare can ultimately make a huge difference in the performance of care and patient outcomes. One recently new innovation inRead MoreNegatives And Negatives Of 3d Printing1422 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout much of history, third dimensional printing was seen as something so technologically advanced that it only existed in science fiction. With technology undergoing constant developments and advancements, it comes as no surprise that innovators have pushed the limits and have made incredible breakthroughs in regard to 3D Printing. We see the strides that the technology industry makes with the yearly introduction of new cellphones, cars, and electronics that comes with the latest technologyRead MoreThe Development And Challenge Of 3d Printing1294 Words   |  6 Pagesand Challenge of 3D Printing Introduction In recent years 3D printing arouses focus of public with appearing in a huge number of areas. In this essay, it will describe 3D printing which is one important application of rapid prototyping. Rapid prototyping (RP) is general for several techniques, which read in data from computer-aided design (CAD) drawings and manufacture automatically three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer according to the virtual design (Sanna 2008). 3D printing also known as additiveRead MoreThe History Of Laser Based Printing1175 Words   |  5 Pagesfield of 3D laser-based printing is revolutionizing the efficiency the world operates at. Primary process such as selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM) will be proven to illustrate the impact they are having on world industry. Applications of 3D Laser-based printing allows the completion of complex geometries to assist in aerospace, biomedical and much more. Laser-based printing dates back to the late 1980’s with the first commercially produced 3D printer (SLA-1, 3D systems)Read MoreHelping The Elderly. Density Of Food853 Words   |  4 Pages HELPING THE ELDERLY Density of food is a major factor to those who have trouble eating, like injured soldiers or the elderly. PERonalized Food using Rapid Manufacturing for the Nutrition of elderly ConsumErs (a.k.a. PERFORMANCE) is a project for which the goal is to produce personalized meals by 3D printing that are both nutritious and appealing. The project cost more than $4 million dollars to complete, but PERFORMANCE now has a plan to help the elderly. Each elderly person in a residence

How does media influence fear within a society Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Those settled in the urban areas experience more fear of crime caused by the mass media because they often spend most of their time watching television compared to rural residents who spend most of their time working in their farming fields. Another vital aspect is whether the audience has direct casualty experience or share characteristic with the victims of crime. Media sources will be more meaningful to the society when direct experience they get from the public does not affect the public negatively (Gunter 267-270). There is also the indication that the media through the coverage of tough issues such as sexual assault and murder impact more fear to the listeners and viewerscompared with minor issues involving less crime that are covered by the media. Therefore, media influences public to make crime choices from the mentality the have that is created in them by the media. Although viewing the television is intended to have pleasure to the viewers, it fails to has a direct, consid erable effect on fear of crime especially when brings programs showing crimes. As a result of increased fear of crime by mass media to the public, we can observe that public fear and anxiety for crime is inseparable with the public pressure resulting from mass media and aim for the solutions to crime problems. When news from the media appear urgent covering about crime, they control a negatively and ineffectual perception of the viewer and hence can influence fear factor in him or her. Moreover, frequent viewing and more enjoyment of reality-based crime shows through the media hold acorrectiveinsolence while frequent and more enjoyment of fictional crime shows are not related to holding correctiveinsolences and it contributes to punitive attitude (Surette, 1998). Public Perception on Law Enforcers In a normal situation, public attitude towards police is generally positive. We will write a custom essay sample on How does media influence fear within a society or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now However, a few studies show that the media has a certain level of influence on public rating of police effectiveness. For example, media portray law enforcers to be deployed in a crime scene or as maintenance of law and order where there is crime. Fictional television dramas such as a movie portrays police as heroic, professional crime fighters through exaggerate number of offenses that result in arrest. These exaggerated numbers of the offences has an influence to movie viewers and views the real society is subjected to many crimes through the fiction view of many offences that result to arrest in the movie. On the other hand, increase deployment of police is symbolized with the increased rate of crimes and law enforcers are there to provide security a notion that is developed by the public on matters concerning crime.

Persuasive Essay Ineffective Physics - 999 Words

Ineffective Physics Worksheet Most of the teachers follow a new style of teaching, which requires students to work in groups in order to benefit from each other. However, this style can be ineffective if the text that is provided to each group does not have clearly stated guidelines. It also can be ineffective if it does not specify who should work with whom, especially in science classes where the abilities of one person varies from another. In most of these cases, one or two of the members take the responsibility for an entire assignment. As a result, some students will not receive the grades that they deserve and the whole group will not achieve the maximum benefit. An example of one of the texts that addresses this problem is a physics worksheet. This worksheet is provided to students in the discussion section of the physics class. It usually contains two to three problems related to the material that was covered by the Professor in the previous lectures. Students are required to work in groups and turn in one worksheet that represents the whole group at the end of the class. This worksheet turns out to be ineffective in communicating the goal of the physics discussion section, which is providing assistance in understanding physics beside the lectures. The worksheet does not have any guidelines or instructions regarding the format of the work that should be done and turned in. Also, groups usually consist of four members and one worksheet is provided to each group. AShow MoreRelatedEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pagesoffprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.  ©1998-2002;  ©2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® andRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesprobable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus Day, October 12. Here is some relevant background information to reduce yourRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAnalysis section, you will find brief case histories that illustrate both effective and ineffective applications of the behavioral principles. The purpose of this section is to bridge the gap between intellectual understanding and behavioral application. Critiquing a manager’s performance in a real-life case enhances your understanding of the skill learning material. Each case provides a model of effective or ineffective performance and helps identify ways that the skill can be adapted to your personalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 †¢ Electronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Commu nication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ InformationRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesThey are experts who know things other people do not and are just doing what has to be done. Thus, managerial prerogative – management’s right to manage together with the power and social standing that accompanies it – is morally supported by a persuasive claim to an expertise grounded in superior scientific knowledge. In turn, this knowledge depends upon the philosophical assumption (Figure 1.7) that such neutral access to reality is actually possible in the first place. So, as we noted earlierRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagessubtle cunning, and in his role as messenger or herald is articulate and important to the conduct of affairs. His attitude is ironic and unsentimental We attribute many of these qualities to entrepreneurs. We see them as creative, opportunistic, persuasive, and freer spirits than the organizational man or woman. Empirical studies have found that many entrepreneurs conform to the characteristics of Mercury, being socially adroit, autonomous individuals with lower than average needs for affiliationRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesfactors that make it more necessary than ever to systematically plan and develop library and information services? In thinking about the assignment, and before even reading articles and treatises on change, what are your initial reactions? Present a persuasive argument to the group as you break out into discussions on this theme. Such a dynamic environment provides new challenges and opportunities to revitalize and redefine organizations as well as reinvent information sources and services f or both growth

American Literature A Discussion Free Essays

American Literature has come a long way. It dates back as far as the pre-colonization-period America which is contrary to the current belief of almost everyone that English has always been the language in America. Although it was noted that â€Å"some fifty years after the political establishment of the United States, the concept of an American literature barely existed† (Delbanco), American literature did exist and is still existing. We will write a custom essay sample on American Literature: A Discussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Literature as a communication involving some degree of emotional or aesthetic response is both an independent discipline and one of the tools of anthropology. The latter is a description and explanation of social behavior in every possible environment-from the primitive to the sophisticated-in every part of the world. (Dennis and Aycock 41) In this regard, looking at how literature emerged and how it evolved, identifies the kind of society and the kind of people living in a certain era. II. Evolution Era The discovery and/or development of a certain type of literature did not just happen in a flash. American Literature, the different types of it, sprouted in a seasoned manner. This means that there would not be political writings, or none of them would be popular, if there were no political issues looming around the corner. It is quite amusing to know that American writing (in English) started not as a seriously intended literary piece but as a work â€Å"chiefly for the benefit of readers in the mother country. † (â€Å"American Literature†). These were the English travelers and explorers who became Americans during those olden times, circa 1583 to 1763. Following is the timeline of the American Literature (Trent): 1. English Travelers and Explorers, 1583-1763 – retaining their own language as they travelled to America and became Americans while chiefly influencing the literature with this language: the heritage of the English race; 2. The Historians, 1607-1783 – this was the period of gentlemen adventurers writing about America’s colonies; 3. The Puritan Divines, 1620-1720 – again, Englishmen who gave their intellects to a strict scheme of doctrinaire theology, and gave up their freedom to the letter of the Hebraic Scriptures; 4. Edwards – was a special time when he, Edwards, inscribed a sequence of reflections, foundation to a great metaphysical discourse of his own; 5. Philosophers and Divines, 1720-1789 -a traditional categorization of the human ability giving reason for the American thought in the eighteenth century, which is believed to have led to the overthrow of high Calvinism: those who went after the intelligence were the rationalists, or deists; those who went after receptivity or sensibility were the â€Å"hot† men, or enthusiasts while those who went after the will were the moral or ethical reformers. 6. Colonial Newspapers and Magazines, 1704-1775 – the knowledge of and about Europe had erupted so commonly through colonial newspapers; 7. American Political Writing, 1760-1789 — this was the period of â€Å"storm and stress†, of â€Å"revolution and evolution†, bringing forth a literature dominated by politically-themed content. Most of the topics involved â€Å"the nature of the British constitution, the formulation of colonial rights, and the elaboration of schemes of government and administration†; 8. The Beginnings of Verse, 1610-1808- the beginning covered early colonial verse starting in 1610 while in 1700 it began with transition in purpose, subject, and style and later on during, the beginnings of nationalism that is related to the passage of the Stamp Act in 1765 ending with the publication of Bryant’s Embargo in 1808. 9. Travellers and Observers, 1763-1846- this was the literature of travels, brand new, wide-ranging, and sophisticated, taking its magic from the sense of wonder; 10. The Early Drama, 1756-1860 –The American native drama, even though it antedated the novel and the short story, has arrived only during the latter half of the eighteenth century having Androborus in 1714, which was noted to be a satirical embarrassment. 11. Early Essayists-during this period the first essays that were in print in colonial newspapers were written with a cognizant ethical purpose. 12. The time of Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859)-a well-known American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century who authored â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† and â€Å"Rip Van Winkle†; 13. The time of Bryant – an American who has the gift of poetic genius, and writing verses that last; 14. Fiction/Novels-the moment for literary lies;† that they served no virtuous purpose; that they melted rigorous minds; that they crowded out better books; that they painted adventure too romantic and love too vehement, and so unfitted†¦Ã¢â‚¬  III. The Role of Printing Press Taking into consideration the lack of other means of publication those days, early American literature succeeded with the big help of the printing press. Some Americans even had an undying zeal for literary outputs that they were â€Å"stimulated by a desire to render Washington City as well the seat of literature as of government, a number of gentlemen have formed themselves into a ‘ Printing and Bookselling Company† (McMurtrie 266). It may appear funny but it is true. IV. Current Scenario Conclusion â€Å"Who in the four corners of the globe reads an American book? † (Edinburgh Review, cited Delbanco) Contrary to this insult, there are still the likes of Twain that many people all over the world know and many hunger for their literary pieces. Another noted American literary figure is Toni Morrison, a Nobel Prize awardee for literature. She is noted to be â€Å"a public intellectual, she’s influenced how we think about race and storytelling †¦ how we use language, what we do with language, how we keep language alive and well. â€Å"(â€Å"Toni Morrison Society Honors† 15). Thus, American Literature, no matter how it is being viewed, is sure to be existent, alive and persisting. Works Cited â€Å"American Literature. † The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2009. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. Delbanco, Andrew. â€Å"American Literature: A Vanishing Subject?. † Daedalus 135. 2 (2006): 22+. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. Dennis, Philip A. , and Wendell Aycock, eds. Literature and Anthropology. Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech University Press, 1989. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. McMurtrie, Douglas C. A History of Printing in the United States: The Story of the Introduction of the Press and of Its History and Influence during the Pioneer Period in Each State of the Union. Vol. 2. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1936. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. â€Å"Toni Morrison Society Honors Nobel Laureate with 70th Birthday Tribute. † Black Issues in Higher Education 29 Mar. 2001: 15. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. Trent, William Peterfield, John Erskine, Stuart P. Sherman, and Carl Van Doren, eds. The Cambridge History of American Literature. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1917. Questia. Web. 19 July 2010. How to cite American Literature: A Discussion, Papers

Market Conceptual and Methodological Foundations †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Market Conceptual and Methodological Foundations. Answer: Introduction Based on the idea of selling submarine sandwiches the company has come a long way in establishing a worldwide brand. Peter Buck along with Fred DeLuca started the business of selling fresh made submarine sandwiches which were prepared in a made to order format. One of the most interesting facts about the company is that during the establishment of the company Peter Buck was just 17 years old (Subway.com 2018). The first store was opened in Bridgeport, Connecticut. From the very beginning of the venture the company has been following the three core principles which have now become a part of the organisation culture: Premium service to the customers High quality food at the most affordable price Ensure low operating cost and to continuously improve in order to develop the business (Subway.com 2018) Ever since with the help of these founding principles the company has come a long way in establishing a chain of restaurants all over the world. There are more than 4000 locations. The future aspirations of the company are to continue with the core values and principles that have established the venture (Subway.com 2018). The purpose of the assignment is to understand the dynamics of the market that Subway operates in so that the company can take strategic decisions accordingly. The assignment includes an analysis of the marketing strategies with the help of the concept of marketing mix that Subway incorporated in the process of strategic decision. It also includes the industry analysis of the company in order to understand the external business factors which impact the business. The task also includes recommendation that the company can use following the analysis of the industry and the market. Evolution of Marketing (LO1) Market orientation is the business model which is followed by an organisation where the focus is on the customers. The changing needs and requirements of the consumers are given precedence and decisions are made accordingly. The most important tool that is used in this orientation model is market research, this is the process by which the company employees to research the market in order to understand the perspective of the customers and determine what they require (Murray et al. 2011). The advantage of this process is that it creates a valuable relation with the customers as they feel connected with the company in the long run it helps the company create loyalty and trust (Kumar et al. 2011). On the other hand a disadvantage is that the process of conducting a market survey is an expensive investment, sometimes the company has resources to conduct the survey by themselves whereas there are times that the company have to hire third parties to do the survey (Kumar et al. 2011). Product orientation is the process by which the company takes decisions based on the value of creating products with the lowest possible cost (Jayaram et al. 2012). In order to satisfy the demand for the product the goal of the company is to continuously push products of high quality at low price. The focus is on providing the people with high quality products in order to attract the customers (Jayaram et al. 2012). The advantage is that the company can build a reputation of providing good quality products among the customers as well as other stakeholders (Jayaram et al. 2012). The disadvantage of the business model is during creating strategic decisions to gain competitive advantage as there may be other players in the market who can take way the advantage form the organisation by producing better quality lesser price product (Ngo and OCass 2012). Subway is an organisation that has been motivated in providing the customers with Sub sandwiches from the beginning of the venture. This indicates that the company runs on the product orientation business model. Subway has used this model to develop the sub sandwiches in a way that it has established as a generic term (Ngo and OCass 2012). The core values and principles that has been discussed above states that the company is focused on proving the customers with fresh high quality sandwiches, this is an example that states the product oriented approach of the company. Over the years the organisation has been producing only sub sandwiches which are made to order in front of the customer. The customers can choose the meat, veggies and the sauce of their choice to create a custom made sandwich for themselves (Ngo and OCass 2012). Another example that establishes the product oriented approach of subway is the fact that the company is focused on improving the service and the product with involvement of technology and easy serving techniques. The company keeps adding and deducting the variants of the filling that is offered and also develops variants based on the country of operation as well (Ngo and OCass 2012). Marketing Environments (LO 2 3) Every business operates under two environments internal and external, where the internal factors are under the control of the company, however the external factors are not. Therefore the management of the company has to determine the dynamics of the eternal environment in order to take effective strategic decisions (Brosche et al. 2013). Political factors such as stability of the government are essential in order to establish a business on the foreign grounds (Auzair 2011). As an American company the organisation has to analyze the foreign relation of the country of expansion while taking decisions. It is important to align the interest of the company along with the rules and regulations of the country of operation in order to develop valuable relations with the customers. Environmental factor such as adhering to the CSR regulations of the country is one of the major factors that impact the business and its decisions as the company has to take decisions where they can fulfill the responsibilities as well as make profit in the process. The complimentary products like napkins, cups, salad bowls, wrapping papers that Subway uses are in the green materials category (Auzair 2011). These items that the company uses are biodegradable grade and thus have less impact on the environment. With such responsible actions taken by the company also establishes goodwill among the customers as well as the other stakeholders (Auzair 2011). Marketing Strategies (LO3) Segmentation is the process by which the company identifies the target market of the products or services by dividing the population into four segments: demographic, geographic, psychographic and behavioural (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). It is important for the management of the company to segment the market in order to ensure effective marketing decisions (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). Psychographic segmentation is a part of market segmentation based on the personality of the customers. This helps in indentifying the customers of the product or service based on their principles and values, beliefs, lifestyle and their interest. These are the abstract aspect of an individual which impacts the buying behavior of the customer. For example: if a person is interested in living a healthy lifestyle then there are chances that they will choose to eating a sub sandwich over an unhealthy street food (Cleveland et al. 2011). Behavourial segmentation is the process by which the population of the target market is divided on the basis of their buying behaviour and patterns the factors that are included in the process is the frequency of use, loyalty towards the brand, benefits associated with the products or services. For example: if a person like the way subway creates a customized sandwich and is a loyal customer, they will chose the brand over any other fast food restaurant in the industry (Craft and Hassan 2015) Segmentation is the process by which the company analyses the market and establishes the effective strategic management decisions. Segmentation helps the company to define a growth potential market place. As resources are limited and the time is also under constraint a company has to narrow down the target market and this is the reason why the process has to be effective as well (Mihi? and Kursan 2010). In the current market scenario it is essential to segment the target market so that the companies can device decisions which will allow them to gain an edge over the competitions. Psychographic segmentation is the most valuable type of segmentation for subway, as an organisation that operates in the fast food industry, this segmentation will allow the company to have a better understanding of the customers and how they can improve their product to maintain a better quality (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). As the company is focused on the improving the product this segmentation will help to target the right people with the help of marketing decisions such as promotion and communication, price etc can be set accordingly in order to effectively build a valuable relation with the customer (Mihi? and Kursan 2010). Fast food is a product that is heavily dependent on the factors that are discussed as a part of the psychographic segmentation. For example: the interest of a person to explore various types of filling or a person who is a foodie will be interested in the brand rather than a person who is not interested in exploring food items (Craft and Hassan 2015). Marketing Mix (LO 1, 4, 5 6) The concept of marketing mix helps the company device decisions regarding the aspects of marketing. Traditionally there were 4Ps that were developed as marketing aspects: product, price, place and promotion. The contemporary version of the theory includes 7Ps. It is an important model that the management of the company can follow in order to keep up with the trends in the market. The marketing mix defines the way the company has placed the product in the market and therefore it is an important model as it is the way the company can connect with the end customer (Huang and Sarigll 2014). Product The product that the company offers the target market is a submarine sandwich that can be customized with the vegetables and filling of the choice that the customers want. Not only that the customers can also choose from an array of sauce to spice up the sandwich. The business model of the company is built on product orientation and therefore the company ensures that there is high quality in the process of service. From the inception of the venture the owner of the company has focused on keeping up with the quality of the food. There are salads and wraps apart from sandwiches, which can also be customized as per the requirements (Singh 2012). Apart from the restaurant services the company has also recently developed the catering service which targets, block parties, small events etc. the company offers several options and combinations for serving the client. Price The prices of the sandwiches are kept in an affordable range as the people who are targeted by the company are from the lower to medium income group. The company strives to provide the customers with high quality product with at the lowest price possible and focusing on the product has enabled the company to do so. The price of a 6 inch subway sandwich price in the US ranges from 3-6 $ (Subway.com 2018). This proves that the price range that the company targets is on the affordable range. The strategy that has been used is competitive pricing strategy as the prices of the products are set according to the trend in the market and the price point at which the competitors sell their products (Singh 2012). Place The products are available in the restaurant which is set up by the company; there are 4000 stores all over the world that sells the product to the customers (Subway.com 2018). However technology has enabled the company to reach out to the customers with the help of third party organisations who can deliver the food to the people using the digital platform. Not only that the company also has its own digital platform that allow the customers to order online (Singh 2012). Promotion mix is the process by which the company communicates with the customers directly or indirectly. There are various medium of communication that the company can use depending upon the message and the target market as well as the objective of communication. Organisations invent a lot of financial resource in promotion of the products so that they reach out to the customers. The objective of communication depends on the objective of the business. For example: if subway has decided to issue a discount on a special occasion, they will have to communicate the message to the customers and in order to do that they may use various medium. Television, radio, newspaper, magazine, pamphlet etc are some of the traditional tools of promotion. Digital media is the contemporary tool (Thackeray et al. 2012). In the video the elements that are used are the contemporary tool of promotion: digital media. Youtube is a social platform where any individual can upload audiovisual content this can be shared from one person to other using other social media platforms. The message that Subway wants to convey the customers is clear in a very creative audiovisual sequence (YouTube.com 2018). The video has been viewed 56,880 times as of 30th June 2018 (YouTube.com 2018). It has also been trending in other social media handles of Subway. The advantage is that it can be easily circulated among the target market and the disadvantage is that the medium banks upon internet connectivity. Television advertising: this is one of the major medium used by the company to engage with the customers and keep them informed regarding the company. OOH: Subway also uses out of home advertising in billboards, subways hoardings etc are used, this is an easy way to send the message across. Refer to the image in Appendix 1 (Emcoutdoor.com 2018). Social media: subway has social media presence in a number of platforms where the company can directly communicate with the customers. The key message that is in the video is MAKE IT WHAT YOU WANT. This describes the versatility of the product and the fact that it can be customized according to the preferences of the customer (YouTube.com 2018). The fast pace and the audio of the campaign is perfect for the message that the company is trying to convey. The target market in the video is young people who are energetic and have a passion to explore new things in life. This is the psychographic segmentation of the target market that is portrayed in the advertisement (Craft and Hassan 2015). These people are trendy and fashionable and lead a fast paced life; the people are looking for adventure and are also rebels in nature. The AIDA theory is used to analyze a communication campaign and determine the effectiveness of the project (Barry and Howard 1990). Attention The fast paced image and the rock beat music helps in getting the attention of the viewer immediately. Interest The words that are shown create interest with the collaboration with the imagery used. Desire The delicious ways in which the company portrays the food in the video creates desire. Action The actions will be completed when an individual will end up purchasing a sub after viewing the advertisement. Feedback is an essential part of communication especially in mass communication where the company conveys a message to the target market but it takes a long time to understand the impact or reach. The platform that has been chosen here is social media the company can enable the comments in order to receive immediate reaction and feedback (Thackeray et al. 2012). It can be concluded form the above discussion that the promotion mix of the company is well strategised and is also effective as the brand has not lost its popularity among the intense competition of the fast food market on an international level. Reference list: Auzair, S., 2011. The effect of business strategy and external environment on management control systems: a study of Malaysian hotels. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(13). Barry, T.E. and Howard, D.J., 1990. A review and critique of the hierarchy of effects in advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 9(2), pp.121-135. Brosche, M., Mayerle, J., Keil, U., Fessler, J. and Knospe, H., SAP SE, 2013. Incorporating external business process features into a scenario visualization or navigation tool. U.S. Patent Application 13/326,052. Cleveland, M., Papadopoulos, N. and Laroche, M., 2011. Identity, demographics, and consumer behaviors: International market segmentation across product categories. International Marketing Review, 28(3), pp.244-266. Craft, S.H. and Hassan, S.S., 2015. Global consumer market segmentation strategy decisions and managerial assessment of performance. In Revolution in Marketing: Market Driving Changes (pp. 26-30). Springer, Cham. Emcoutdoor.com., 2018. Subway still has a strong appetite for out of home! - Out-of-Home Advertising | EMC Outdoor. [online] Out-of-Home Advertising | EMC Outdoor. Available at: https://www.emcoutdoor.com/campaigns/2010/09/subway-still-has-a-strong-appetite-for-out-of-home/ [Accessed 30 Jun. 2018]. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors (pp. 113-132). Springer, New York, NY. Jayaram, J., Ahire, S., Nicolae, M. and Ataseven, C., 2012. The moderating influence of product orientation on coordination mechanisms in total quality management. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 29(5), pp.531-559. Kumar, V., Jones, E., Venkatesan, R. and Leone, R.P., 2011. Is market orientation a source of sustainable competitive advantage or simply the cost of competing?. Journal of marketing, 75(1), pp.16-30. Mihi?, M. and Kursan, I., 2010. Assessing the situational factors and impulsive buying behavior: Market segmentation approach. Management: journal of contemporary management issues, 15(2), pp.47-66. Murray, J.Y., Gao, G.Y. and Kotabe, M., 2011. Market orientation and performance of export ventures: the process through marketing capabilities and competitive advantages. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39(2), pp.252-269. Ngo, L.V. and O'Cass, A., 2012. In search of innovation and customer?related performance superiority: The role of market orientation, marketing capability, and innovation capability interactions. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(5), pp.861-877. Singh, M., 2012. Marketing mix of 4Ps for competitive advantage. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 3(6), pp.40-45. Subway.com., 2018. The Subway Story. [online] subway.com. Available at: https://www.subway.com/en-us/aboutus/history [Accessed 30 Jun. 2018]. Thackeray, R., Neiger, B.L. and Keller, H., 2012. Integrating social media and social marketing: a four-step process. Health promotion practice, 13(2), pp.165-168. Wedel, M. and Kamakura, W.A., 2012. Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations (Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. YouTube.com., 2018. MAKE IT WHAT YOU WANT.. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRzJ1mdkljQfeature=youtu.be [Accessed 30 Jun. 2018].

Historical Commentary on Devaluation of Art Times †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Historical Commentary on Devaluation of Art Times. Answer: Introduction: The composer of music in HUGO is Camille Saint-Sans. He was one of the most precocious French musicians ever existed in the 19th century. He begun piano lessons at the age of two and a half and composed his first melody at three. When he was seven years old, he studied Pierre Maledin. Upon reaching ten, he added another concert which included Beethoven`s third piano concert(Saint-Saens, 2012). He displayed the same characteristics of a genius in his studies since he learned languages and mathematics with ease(Stegemann Bilgin, 2O12). He married Marie Truffaut who was 19 years and this brought the saddest phase in his life. They were blessed with two children who died after six weeks following one another(Saint-Saens, 2013). The marriage came to an end in the year 1881.In these darkest days of his life, he was severely challenged and is the time when he came up with most of his work including: Danse macabre and Samson et Dalila. He remained very close to his mother who was not in for his marriage. The mother passed on in 1888 making the composer face another depression in his life(Saint-Saens, 2013). In the years that followed, he travelled and visited many places and hence making interests in Algeria and Egypt and then ended up writing Africa in 1891 and then his Piano Concerto no.5 called Egyptian(Saint-Saens, 2013). He later turned out to works which were related to the exotic places including the most enduring composition called symphony number 3.After the year 1890, Saint-Sans' melody was considered with condescension in his home country(Saint-Saens, 2012). In USA and England, he was known to be the France`s most famous and greatest composer of the century(Strasser, 2014). He faced a triumphant concert tour after he went to USA in 1915.he had remained attached to his dogs in the last two decades and appeared to be a loner to a big extent. He passed on in Algeria on 16th December 1921(Saint-Sans, 2012). The adaptation of Martin Scorsese of Brian Selznicks price winning Novel the invention of Hugo, as a boy who is orphaned and who lives with his uncle in a train station in Paris(Faur, 2012). He is sent to live with his uncle after the death of his father in a fire. He learns the tactics of wiping the clocks running throughout the station. His uncle disappears one of those fine days and then Hugo decides to keep the maintenance of the clock with hopes that nobody will catch him squatting in the station(Saint-Sans, 2012). He had a natural engineering amplitude which made him steal gears, tools and some other items from a toy shopkeeper who keeps maintenance of a storefront in this station(Gallois, 2013). Hugo needed those pieces to rebuild a mechanical man that was left under the eyes of the father at the museum (the restoration was the father and son project in common).when Ben kingsley who runs the toy stand caught on to the thievery, he warned that he would take Hugo to the nearest police officer who would without doubts sent Hugo to the nearest childrens orphanage just as he did to the other children who were orphans(CAMILLE, 2013). However, Hugos run in to the old man turns out to be a great friendship with the elderly mans goddaughter Isabelle, who has the last item needed by Hugo to make the mechanical man to come into functionality once more. Unlike any other movie that Martin Scorsese has ever made, Hugo is the closest one in his heart and the biggest budget, a family epic in 3-D and to some extent a mirror of his life. Here, there is a feeling that a great artist has been given the command of the resources and the tools with which he needs to make a movie about. He also makes it a fable to some children (if not all) hence measuring the feeling that went into it(Saint-Saens, 2013). The story of his hero Hugo Cabret is an own story of Scorsese. He was in Paris in his 30s and schooled himself in the working of mechanisms of an art. The latter runs in the family(Baumann, 2014). Hugos uncle is the overall boss in the clock at cavernous at the train station in Paris. The dream of his father lies under the completion of an automaton, an automated man that he found lying in the museum(Faur, 2012). However, he passes on and leaves his dream unfulfilled. Rather than being kept and treated as an orphan, the little boy hides himself in a made of ladders, catwalks, gears and passages of the clockwork themselves and keeps running just on time(Baumann, 2014). He feeds from the croissants that are snatched from the station shops and commences to sneak off to the movies. His life is made a little bit more complicated by an owner of a certain shop by the name Georges Melies, the old man`s character played by Ben Kingsley who is the immortal French film pioneer and the primary inventor of the automaton. Hugo does not have any idea concerning the latter(Gallois, 2013). The factual Mellies was a magician who made attempts to play tricks on his first movie to the audience. There is also a parallel asthmatic Scorsese who lives in Italy although not of it but observing life from the windows of his apartment building, soaking up the cinema from the television ,making an adoption of greater directors of his mentors and then rescuing their jobs after a couple of years of neglect(Faur, 2012). The method Hugo uses to deal with Melies is enchanting in itself. However, the films first half is devoted to the adventure of the young hero. There is also the usage of another technique to create the train station also the city(Gallois, 2013). The entrance swoops above the large city scape of Paris and then comes into an halt with Hugo peering out through an opening in the face of the clock which is far above the floor of the play station .We then follow this adventure of Dicken as he keeps a step ahead of the choleric station inspector(Saint-Saens, 2012) .Hugo makes it to escape back to his refuge behind the walls and above the stations ceiling. His father who is seen in flashbacks left behind notebooks which included part of his plans to finish the automaton. Hugo appears to be somewhat a genius with gears, springs and also levers. He is also a steampunk great work of the shining steel brass(Saint-Saens, 2013). Hugo shares his secrets one day with a girl named Isabelle who also resides in the station and was raised by Melies and his wife. They introduce one another to their secret lives as explored by the book. The two kids are mile apart from the goofballs in most family pictures(Saint-Saens, 2013). The coming out to befriend Isabella (a grandchild to the stallholder) is an indication of the collapse of both the private and public space in the human narrative(Saint-Saens, 2013).in the process of working towards the recovery of Hugos notebook which is confiscated and then the repair of the automaton, the two discover a piece that was forgotten in the film history(CAMILLE, 2013). What is seen by this film is slowly explained and revealed for the benefit of viewers and is extremely rewarding since it is based on a true story. The best scenes comes in the second part of the cinema whereby flashbacks are used to trace back the history and work of Georges Melies. Scorsese has made numerous documentaries concerning the great film and directors and this is whereby he brings the story telling with outstanding skills(Strasser, 2014). Melies is seen building the first fantastical set and bizarre costumes to come up with films that have magical effects. As the plot makes a handful connections, the hold man gets to discover that he is not overlooked but is honored as worthy of Pantheon. There are two images that resonate throughout Hugo: the clock and the automation. The continued constant tick tocks of the clock and the sound represent the period of change and progress between the world wars and the rush from the past(Stegemann Bilgin, 2O12). It also reminds of the risk of forgetting people, events that deserve a better recognition. The body of the automaton is a symbol of humanity that has been damaged ad made expendable by war. However, there is hope that technology can liberate to create world. Both of these images are a clear message that we are living in world where we can receive barrage of information and other sensory stimuli(Saint-Sans, 2012). In Hugo, Scorsese delivers a film that is a passionate and also a good reminder of the essential role that art should play in our culture and lives. Hugo also displays the joy of reading, an aspect that is fitting to the society in which we live(Saint-Saens, 2013). It has historical commentary on the devaluation of art times of economic hardship and the effects of war to the souls of a nation. Hugo celebrates the birth of the show and gives a drama on Scorsese`s individual cause, the old film preservation of the old films. In one of the given scenes and which is heartbreaking, we come to know that Melies had melted down many films when he was convinced that the celluloid they gave could be used in the manufacture of womens shoes(Saint-Saens, 2013). Work cited Baumann, E., 2014. Les grandes formes de la musique. s.l.:s.n. CAMILLE, S.-S., 2013. FRENCH CHANSONS: SAINT-SAENS, FAURE, DEBUSSY, FOR SATB AND SATB/PIANO. s.l.:s.n. Faur, G., 2012. Camille Saint-Sans. La revue musicale. s.l.:s.n. Gallois, J., 2013. Charles-Camille Saint-Sans. Mradga: s.n. Saint-Saens, C., 2012. Camille Saint-Saens. Astronomy. 33 ed. s.l.:s.n. Saint-Sans, C., 2012. Musical memories. Maynard: s.n. Saint-Sans, C., 2012. Outspoken Essays on Music. s.l.:Trubner Company, Limited.. Saint-Saens, C., 2012. Portraits and memories. s.l.:Art publishing company.. Saint-Saens, C., 2013. Harmony and melody . Calmann Levy.. s.l.:s.n. Saint-Saens, C., 2013. Truancy school: notes and memories . Lafitte. s.l.:s.n. Stegemann, M. Bilgin, O., 2O12. Camille Saint-Saens . Rowohlt.. s.l.:s.n. Strasser, M., 2014. Camille Saint-Sans. s.l.:s.n.